Introduction
The Chinese phrase 痛哭流涕 (tòng kū liú tì) translates literally to “crying bitterly and shedding tears.” This expression encapsulates a deep, intense emotion often associated with grief, sorrow, or extreme sadness. In this article, we will explore the meaning of 痛哭流涕, its grammatical structure, and provide example sentences to illustrate how to use it effectively in various contexts.
Understanding 痛哭流涕 (tòng kū liú tì)
At its core, 痛哭流涕 represents not just a physical act of crying but also conveys a profound emotional response to tragic or sorrowful events. The phrase is often used in literature, formal speeches, and everyday conversations to express the depth of a person’s feelings.
Breaking Down the Meaning
The expression is composed of three characters:
- 痛 (tòng): Pain or sorrow
- 哭 (kū): To cry
- 流涕 (liú tì): To shed tears (or runny nose)
When combined, these characters provide a vivid picture of someone overwhelmed by emotions, leading to uncontrollable tears. This combination helps emphasize the depth of one’s sadness or despair.
Grammatical Structure of 痛哭流涕
In Chinese grammar, expressions often consist of a subject-verb-object (SVO) structure, although idiomatic phrases can deviate from this norm. 痛哭流涕 represents a qualitative clause that can serve various grammatical roles within a sentence.
Analyzing Sentence Patterns
As a multi-character phrase, 痛哭流涕 functions as a verb phrase. It can be used with different subjects to convey varying nuances. Here are a few common sentence structures where this phrase may be incorporated:
- Subject + 痛哭流涕 + （additional context）
- 痛哭流涕 + （subject） + （additional context）
Example Sentences Using 痛哭流涕
Below, we provide several example sentences to demonstrate how to use 痛哭流涕 effectively in different situations:
Example 1: Expressing Grief
在葬礼上，她痛哭流涕，无法控制自己的情绪。
(At the funeral, she cried bitterly, unable to control her emotions.)
Example 2: Literary Context
小说的结尾让读者痛哭流涕，感受到了失去的无奈。
(The ending of the novel left the readers in tears, feeling the helplessness of loss.)
Example 3: Daily Conversation
听到这个消息后，他痛哭流涕，无法相信这一切都是真的。
(After hearing the news, he cried bitterly, unable to believe that it was all true.)
Conclusion
The phrase 痛哭流涕 (tòng kū liú tì) is a powerful expression that conveys deep sorrow and emotional responses in Chinese culture. Whether used in literature, speech, or daily conversation, understanding its meaning and grammatical structure allows for nuanced expressions of empathy and grief. By incorporating example sentences, we aim to provide further insight into how to use this poignant phrase meaningfully.
Additional Resources for Learning Chinese Expressions
- ChineseClass101 – Comprehensive Chinese Learning
- HSK Online – Test Preparation and Learning Resources
- DigMandarin – Educational Articles and Resources
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